Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Atherosclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the arterial wall in which lipid accumulation, vascular cell dysfunction…

…a chronic, progressive, and highly dynamic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. It is characterized by the subendothelial accumulation of apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins, macrophage…

…progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental pathophysiological substrate for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including…

…failure, shock and cerebral or visceral malperfusion. Type B disease may produce rupture, renal, mesenteric or limb malperfusion, spinal cord ischaemia, paraplegia or paraparesis, rapid…

…recurrent narrowing within a previously implanted coronary stent. It represents a form of arterial hyperplastic disease arising after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In contemporary practice…

…vulnerable plaque” describes an atherosclerotic lesion thought to be susceptible to disruption and thrombosis. Typical features include a lipid rich core, a thin fibrous cap…

…test, exercise stress ECG) Exercise stress testing has been used routinely for over 60 years to evaluate cardiopulmonary function and to diagnose cardiovascular disease. The…

…or non diagnostic CT. Suspected neuroborreliosis, neurosyphilis or another CNS infection. Suspected inflammatory disease: multiple sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis. Meningeal carcinomatosis and CNS…

…vessel supplying a large viable territory is more likely to produce rapid hemodynamic deterioration than a similar angiographic abnormality involving a smaller territory. Diagnostics Cor

…in the former. Refer to Figure 1, which illustrates the natural course of coronary artery disease, from risk factors to acute coronary syndromes. It also…