…haemorrhage into the plaque. The diagnosis is supported by the general criteria for acute MI together with evidence of acute coronary atherothrombosis. Post mortem demonstr

…relatively minor. It is believed that commotio cordis occurs if the impact coincides with the T wave apex (the peak of the T wave), which…

…time, exacerbation is a clinical syndromic diagnosis, not a sufficient explanation for all acute dyspnoea in a patient with COPD. Pneumonia, heart failure, pulmonary embolism…

…more common in individuals with structural and ischemic heart disease. Assessment of ischemia on ECG is difficult in the presence of left bundle branch block…

…Heat stroke ( 40°C) Neurological symptoms, confusion, convulsion, tachycardia, hypotension, coma. As above but with lower temperatures. Electrolyte replacement. Large infusions of fluids are typically needed…

Endokrinologi & metabolism Akutsjukvård Lathundar Emergency overview Measure the plasma glucose immediately in everyone with a reduced level of consciousness, seizures, confusion, a change in behaviour…

…light sedation with a daily wake up trial shortens the time on the ventilator. See the article on confusion for the management of delirium in…

…local signs of inflammation may be faint or absent. Take cultures immediately, but never let sampling, imaging, the blood count or contact with the patient…

…Intubation is reasonable in: a reduced level of consciousness with inadequate protective reflexes active major haematemesis severe agitation respiratory failure an anticipated difficult or prolonged…

…g in 1 ml vial. Dilute with 10 ml of normal saline and give by slow injection over 5 10 minutes. Dilute immediately before use…

…two papers and the authors of this article decided to adopt the criteria from MacFarlane et al . However, the confusion actually extends beyond the ECG…

…and intensive care early with life threatening features or an inadequate response. First line treatment is oxygen in hypoxaemia, repeated doses of an inhaled short…

…severity of electrolyte disturbances, particularly before laboratory results are available. Notably: Both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia can induce life threatening arrhythmias and cardiac arrest, with hyperkalemia…

…people with diabetes and becomes more common with advancing age. Presentations without pain may include: Sudden breathlessness Syncope or sudden loss of consciousness Confusion Profound…

…about suppression of the HPA axis, where a long half life produces more marked suppression. Stress dosing in known adrenal insufficiency A patient with primary…

…raised blood pressure together with ongoing or new organ damage in which immediate, controlled blood pressure lowering can limit the damage. The choice of drug…

…symptoms New confusion Severe headache Persistent nausea Moderately reduced consciousness Marked gait instability The specificity of the symptoms is limited. In a patient with moderate…

…oxygen if hypoxaemic, two large bore peripheral cannulae 0 to 10 min A blood gas with lactate, two sets of blood cultures, and a culture…

…1, not 200%). Conclusion Echocardiographic calculation of Qp/Qs is a cornerstone in managing patients with intracardiac shunts. By integrating anatomical measurements and Doppler hemodynamics…

…most important dangerous differential diagnosis. Clear focal neurological findings are absent in roughly half of patients with a central cause. A normal routine neurological examination…