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Atrial fibrillation: quick reference for emergency management

…cannot be used It also has a rhythm control effect; plan as though cardioversion will occur Target rate in the acute phase: a resting ventricular…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…gain control , as discussed earlier. The gain must be calibrated, such that blood filled spaces (ventricular cavities, atrial cavities, vessels) should appear black in the…

Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…access, or rapid central access, but do not delay transfusion or control of the bleeding in order to obtain a central venous catheter. 4. Take…

🟠 HAS-BLED Score Calculator

…used to assess the one year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who are taking anticoagulants. It was developed in 2010…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…agents Platelet transfusion has weak evidence; discuss with the on call coagulation service Always in parallel: mechanical control of bleeding, tranexamic acid where it is…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

… a higher threshold may be considered individually in ongoing ischaemia Upper gastrointestinal bleeding that has been stabilised 70 g/L — a more liberal strategy gives…

Targeted temperature management after cardiac arrest

…for sedation, analgesia and control of shivering. Procedure 1. Start temperature management early — within the first hour after ROSC, in parallel with coronary angiography, the…

🟠 Esmolol

…minute) • Esmolol may also be used to control supraventricular tachycardia (rate control). • Esmolol may be used to reduce myocardial ischemia in the CCU or ICU…

Sepsis and septic shock: quick reference for the first hour

…a vasopressor and early source control. Sepsis is a dynamic condition. Investigation and treatment must therefore proceed in parallel and must not wait for complete…

🟠 Nitroglycerin

…Pulmonary hypertension. Blood pressure control. Mechanism of action Nitroglycerin provides nitric oxide (NO) that induces vasodilatation (of both arterioles and veins) via generation of cyclic…

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