…catheterization. Principles of management of congenital heart disease and GUCH Complex malformations often require intervention (surgical or catheter based intervention). In addition to the malformation…

Cardiology Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Definition and classification Coronary anomalies are congenital abnormalities involving the origin, course, distribution, or termination of the coronary arteries. They…

…is a paraneoplastic syndrome that occurs due to carcinomas secreting kallikrein and serotonin. In the heart, this can lead to thickening of the pulmonary valve…

…or mechanical prostheses. The former is preferred due to the lower risk of thrombosis and evidence demonstrating long term durability (Filsoufi et al). Percutaneous interventions…

…directionality. While the technique requires meticulous attention to imaging standards, its non invasive nature and reproducibility make it indispensable in congenital and critical care cardiology…

…where appropriate, molecular testing. The approach is particularly relevant to cardiomyopathies, channelopathies, heritable aortopathies, selected congenital heart diseases, pulmonary arterial hypertension and thromboembolic disorders. Most…

…hypertension, valvular disease or congenital heart disease. Cardiomyopathy leads to impaired cardiac function and heart failure. There are six main types of cardiomyopathy: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy…

…as well as congenital malformations leading to an incomplete or absent pericardium. In case of suspicion of pericardial disease, it is important to conduct a…

…reader to use this link to assess the literature. Medical conditions Category Condition Congenital conditions Jervell and Lange Nielsen syndrome Romano Ward syndrome Idiopathic congenital…

…QT duration predisposes to life threatening ventricular arrhythmias and therefore QT duration must always be assessed. QT prolongation may be congenital (due to genetic mutations…

…with ECG may reveal atrial fibrillation. Unfortunately, atrial fibrillation is too often discovered first at hospital admission due to its complications (stroke, thromboembolism, heart failure…

…Marfan syndrome Takayasu's arteritis Iatrogenic (e.g complication of catheterization) Congenital dysplasia/aplasia of the pulmonary valve Idiopathic pulmonary artery dilation Pulmonary regurgitation results…

…ventricle is difficult to visualize clearly with trans thoracic echocardiography. Causes of right ventricular hypertrophy Lung disease (with increased pulmonary vascular resistance), congenital heart disease…

…with other forms of ventricular tachycardia. Mechanisms of ventricular tachycardia Ventricular tachycardia (VT) may emerge due to increased/abnormal automaticity, re entry or triggered activity…

…a sudden heart rate decrease (e.g due to sinus pause or post VPC pause) results in augmentation of early afterdpolarization amplitude (typically seen with…

…fibrillation arrests and moderate left ventricular dysfunction. This patient died at age 17 years due to complications related to his arrhythmia. His father and uncle…

…to whether they are: Not associated with ischaemia Associated with episodic ischaemia Associated with obligatory ischaemia Anomalies may involve the coronary ostium, origin, termination, congenital…

…classification comprises five groups: Group 1: Pulmonary arterial hypertension Group 2: PH due to left heart disease Group 3: PH due to chronic lung disease…

…and young adults with congenital heart disease. Initiation Strategies Because of its ability to significantly prolong the QT interval and cause torsades de pointes or…

…a sudden heart rate decrease (e.g due to sinus pause or post VPC pause) results in augmentation of early afterdpolarization amplitude (typically seen with…

…the valvular apparatus. Age related degeneration affects 2% of the population and leads to gradual prolapse of the valve leaflets (Figure 1). Rheumatic heart disease…

…mitral valve orifice. There are many causes of mitral stenosis, the most common of which are rheumatic heart disease, congenital malformations, radiation complications, metastases, myxoma…