…25% of children with congenital heart disease require intervention during their first year of life ( Triedman et al ). According to the European Society for Cardiology…

…Other congenital anomalies include anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and anomalous origin of one coronary artery from the opposite aortic…

…is a paraneoplastic syndrome that occurs due to carcinomas secreting kallikrein and serotonin. In the heart, this can lead to thickening of the pulmonary valve…

…or mechanical prostheses. The former is preferred due to the lower risk of thrombosis and evidence demonstrating long term durability (Filsoufi et al). Percutaneous interventions…

…directionality. While the technique requires meticulous attention to imaging standards, its non invasive nature and reproducibility make it indispensable in congenital and critical care cardiology…

…dominant transmission, in which an affected heterozygous individual has a 50% risk of transmitting the relevant variant to each child. However, other inheritance patterns, de…

…hypertension, valvular disease or congenital heart disease. Cardiomyopathy leads to impaired cardiac function and heart failure. There are six main types of cardiomyopathy: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy…

…with suspected pericardial disease. In addition to echocardiography, ECG and clinical examination, blood tests and other radiological examinations are most often required, in particular computed…

…the list but tends to be rather similar within a drug class. While the risk of TdP is well defined for many of these agents…

…QT duration predisposes to life threatening ventricular arrhythmias and therefore QT duration must always be assessed. QT prolongation may be congenital (due to genetic mutations…

…with ECG may reveal atrial fibrillation. Unfortunately, atrial fibrillation is too often discovered first at hospital admission due to its complications (stroke, thromboembolism, heart failure…

…Marfan syndrome Takayasu's arteritis Iatrogenic (e.g complication of catheterization) Congenital dysplasia/aplasia of the pulmonary valve Idiopathic pulmonary artery dilation Pulmonary regurgitation results…

…ventricle is difficult to visualize clearly with trans thoracic echocardiography. Causes of right ventricular hypertrophy Lung disease (with increased pulmonary vascular resistance), congenital heart disease…

…favorable prognosis, as compared with other forms of ventricular tachycardia. Mechanisms of ventricular tachycardia Ventricular tachycardia (VT) may emerge due to increased/abnormal automaticity, re…

…a sudden heart rate decrease (e.g due to sinus pause or post VPC pause) results in augmentation of early afterdpolarization amplitude (typically seen with…

…fibrillation arrests and moderate left ventricular dysfunction. This patient died at age 17 years due to complications related to his arrhythmia. His father and uncle…

…to whether they are: Not associated with ischaemia Associated with episodic ischaemia Associated with obligatory ischaemia Anomalies may involve the coronary ostium, origin, termination, congenital…

…classification comprises five groups: Group 1: Pulmonary arterial hypertension Group 2: PH due to left heart disease Group 3: PH due to chronic lung disease…

…and young adults with congenital heart disease. Initiation Strategies Because of its ability to significantly prolong the QT interval and cause torsades de pointes or…

…a sudden heart rate decrease (e.g due to sinus pause or post VPC pause) results in augmentation of early afterdpolarization amplitude (typically seen with…

…the valvular apparatus. Age related degeneration affects 2% of the population and leads to gradual prolapse of the valve leaflets (Figure 1). Rheumatic heart disease…

…Causes of mitral stenosis Rheumatic heart disease Congenital mitral stenosis Calcification of the mitral valve Complications to radiation therapy Mucopolysaccharidosis Carcinoid tumor Systemic lupus erythematosus…