…catheterization. Principles of management of congenital heart disease and GUCH Complex malformations often require intervention (surgical or catheter based intervention). In addition to the malformation…

…as well as congenital malformations leading to an incomplete or absent pericardium. In case of suspicion of pericardial disease, it is important to conduct a…

…disease, congenital malformations, radiation complications, metastases, myxoma, cardiac thrombi, etc (Table 1). Most causes of mitral stenosis yield a progressive narrowing of the mitral valve…

…of the bridged segment may extend into diastole, so the physiological effect is not limited to systole. Exercise may amplify the abnormality through increased myocardial…

…disease : Carcinoid syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome that occurs due to carcinomas secreting kallikrein and serotonin. In the heart, this can lead to thickening of…

…or mechanical prostheses. The former is preferred due to the lower risk of thrombosis and evidence demonstrating long term durability (Filsoufi et al). Percutaneous interventions…

…Differentiating Pathologies : Helps differentiate cardiac vs. non cardiac causes of symptoms like dyspnea or failure to thrive. Limitations and Considerations Technical Challenges : Poor acoustic windows…

…where appropriate, molecular testing. The approach is particularly relevant to cardiomyopathies, channelopathies, heritable aortopathies, selected congenital heart diseases, pulmonary arterial hypertension and thromboembolic disorders. Most…

…and the pathological changes are not explained by coronary heart disease, hypertension, valvular disease or congenital heart disease. Cardiomyopathy leads to impaired cardiac function and…

…this link to assess the literature. Medical conditions Category Condition Congenital conditions Jervell and Lange Nielsen syndrome Romano Ward syndrome Idiopathic congenital long QT syndrome …