…Principles of management Medical therapies do not alter disease progression. Diuretics may be used for symptom relief. Surgical repair or valve replacement is considered when…

…and cardiac catheterization. Principles of management of congenital heart disease and GUCH Complex malformations often require intervention (surgical or catheter based intervention). In addition to…

…Coronary anomalies are congenital abnormalities involving the origin, course, distribution, or termination of the coronary arteries. They include anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery…

…always a consequence of congenital heart disease. The stenosis can be fixed or dynamic, depending on the underlying etiology. Pulmonary stenosis can be valvular (i…

…Short axis (SAX) view of the aortic arch, visualizing the pulmonary valve in long axis. Method : Trace the pulmonary valve’s Doppler profile using CWD…

…scope Familial and genetic screening in cardiovascular medicine is the systematic assessment of relatives and other individuals who may carry an inherited predisposition to cardiovascular…

…valvular disease or congenital heart disease. Cardiomyopathy leads to impaired cardiac function and heart failure. There are six main types of cardiomyopathy: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM…

…of these are acute pericarditis (perimyocarditis), constrictive pericarditis, pericardial effusion and tamponade. Less common are cysts and tumors of the pericardium, as well as congenital…

Info A comprehensive list of conditions and drugs that may prolong the QT interval, and cause torsade de pointes (TdP) and long QT syndrome (LQTS…

…arrhythmias and therefore QT duration must always be assessed. QT prolongation may be congenital (due to genetic mutations) or acquired (secondary to medications, electrolyte disorders)…