…with functional assessment. A central practical principle is that the visual severity of a stenosis does not reliably establish its haemodynamic importance. A lesion that…

…patients prior to sotalol initiation. Diagnostics Electrocardiography (ECG) Electrocardiographic monitoring is central to the safe initiation and maintenance of sotalol therapy. The drug prolongs the…

…significant geographical variations. Roughly 25% of children with congenital heart disease require intervention during their first year of life ( Triedman et al ). According to the…

Cardiology Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Definition and classification Coronary anomalies are congenital abnormalities involving the origin, course, distribution, or termination of the coronary arteries. They…

Echocardiography Pulmonary (pulmonic) stenosis Pulmonary stenosis is virtually always a consequence of congenital heart disease. The stenosis can be fixed or dynamic, depending on the…

Echocardiography Tricuspid valve stenosis Tricuspid stenosis is a rare condition that may be caused by rheumatic valvular disease, congenital heart disease, Whipple’s disease, or…

…Qp) to systemic blood flow (Qs). This measurement is pivotal in diagnosing and managing congenital or acquired cardiac shunts, such as atrial septal defects (ASD…

…to cardiomyopathies, channelopathies, heritable aortopathies, selected congenital heart diseases, pulmonary arterial hypertension and thromboembolic disorders. Most recognised heritable cardiovascular conditions demonstrate autosomal dominant transmission, in…

…explained by coronary heart disease, hypertension, valvular disease or congenital heart disease. Cardiomyopathy leads to impaired cardiac function and heart failure. There are six main…

…are cysts and tumors of the pericardium, as well as congenital malformations leading to an incomplete or absent pericardium. In case of suspicion of pericardial…

…Medical conditions Category Condition Congenital conditions Jervell and Lange Nielsen syndrome Romano Ward syndrome Idiopathic congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) Metabolic disorders Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Hypocalcemia…

…arrhythmias and therefore QT duration must always be assessed. QT prolongation may be congenital (due to genetic mutations) or acquired (secondary to medications, electrolyte disorders)…

…valve disease, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, congenital heart disease, diabetes mellitus (both type 1 and type 2), obesity, smoking, obstructive sleep apnea…

…Carcinoid heart disease Tetralogy of Fallot Marfan syndrome Takayasu's arteritis Iatrogenic (e.g complication of catheterization) Congenital dysplasia/aplasia of the pulmonary valve Idiopathic…

…echocardiography. Causes of right ventricular hypertrophy Lung disease (with increased pulmonary vascular resistance), congenital heart disease (transposition of the great arteries, pulmonary valve stenosis, atrial…

…ARVC/ARVD), Brugada syndrome , long QT syndrome , sarcoidosis , Prinzmetal's angina (coronary vasospasm), electrolyte disorders , congenital heart disease and catecholamine induced ventricular tachycardia . The vast…

…toxicity. Torsade de pointes (TdP) Definition : Polymorphic VT that results from long QT syndrome (LQTS). TdP occurs exclusively in individuals with LQTS (congenital or acquired)…

…syndrome Long QT syndrome Author Dr Araz Rawshani, MD, PhD University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden References Jervell A, Lange Nielsen F. Congenital…

…blood flow rather than pulmonary vascular disease. This state is termed unclassified PH. Potential explanations include congenital heart disease, liver disease, airway or lung disease…

…toxicity. Torsade de pointes (TdP) Definition : Polymorphic VT that results from long QT syndrome (LQTS). TdP occurs exclusively in individuals with LQTS (congenital or acquired)…

…dilated cardiomyopathy) Ischemic heart disease (coronary heart disease) Rheumatic valve disease Endocarditis Congenital mitral regurgitation Amyloidosis SLE Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) Rupture of papillary muscle…

…mitral valve orifice. There are many causes of mitral stenosis, the most common of which are rheumatic heart disease, congenital malformations, radiation complications, metastases, myxoma…