…significant geographical variations. Roughly 25% of children with congenital heart disease require intervention during their first year of life ( Triedman et al ). According to the…

…Other congenital anomalies include anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and anomalous origin of one coronary artery from the opposite aortic…

Echocardiography Pulmonary (pulmonic) stenosis Pulmonary stenosis is virtually always a consequence of congenital heart disease. The stenosis can be fixed or dynamic, depending on the…

Echocardiography Tricuspid valve stenosis Tricuspid stenosis is a rare condition that may be caused by rheumatic valvular disease, congenital heart disease, Whipple’s disease, or…

…the ratio of pulmonary blood flow (Qp) to systemic blood flow (Qs). This measurement is pivotal in diagnosing and managing congenital or acquired cardiac shunts…

…to cardiomyopathies, channelopathies, heritable aortopathies, selected congenital heart diseases, pulmonary arterial hypertension and thromboembolic disorders. Most recognised heritable cardiovascular conditions demonstrate autosomal dominant transmission, in…

…explained by coronary heart disease, hypertension, valvular disease or congenital heart disease. Cardiomyopathy leads to impaired cardiac function and heart failure. There are six main…

…are cysts and tumors of the pericardium, as well as congenital malformations leading to an incomplete or absent pericardium. In case of suspicion of pericardial…

…Medical conditions Category Condition Congenital conditions Jervell and Lange Nielsen syndrome Romano Ward syndrome Idiopathic congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) Metabolic disorders Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Hypocalcemia…

…for depolarization and repolarization. It is measured from the beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave. Prolonged QT duration predisposes…

…valve disease, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, congenital heart disease, diabetes mellitus (both type 1 and type 2), obesity, smoking, obstructive sleep apnea…

…considered a normal finding. The regurgitation results in blood flowing back from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle during diastole. The most common cause…

…echocardiography. Causes of right ventricular hypertrophy Lung disease (with increased pulmonary vascular resistance), congenital heart disease (transposition of the great arteries, pulmonary valve stenosis, atrial…

…Ventricular tachycardia (VT): types, causes, ECG features and management This chapter deals with ventricular tachycardia from a clinical perspective, with emphasis on ECG diagnosis, definitions…

…toxicity. Torsade de pointes (TdP) Definition : Polymorphic VT that results from long QT syndrome (LQTS). TdP occurs exclusively in individuals with LQTS (congenital or acquired)…

…3). In November 2018 researchers from Denmark, Netherlands and United Kingdom reported a novel ECG syndrome characterized by widespread ST segment depressions and an increased…

…termination, congenital absence or hypoplasia. Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus of Valsalva is associated with increased sudden death risk…

…Wood units may have increased pulmonary blood flow rather than pulmonary vascular disease. This state is termed unclassified PH. Potential explanations include congenital heart disease…

…ventricular tachycardia (VT) rates. It may also be effective in fetal, pediatric patients, and young adults with congenital heart disease. Initiation Strategies Because of its…

…toxicity. Torsade de pointes (TdP) Definition : Polymorphic VT that results from long QT syndrome (LQTS). TdP occurs exclusively in individuals with LQTS (congenital or acquired)…

…is greater for the posteromedial papillary muscle, which only receives blood supply from one coronary artery (Coronary arteries). Chronic myocardial ischemia may also lead to…

…receives blood supply from the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the left circumflex artery (LCX), whereas the posteromedial papillary muscle receives blood supply from…