…termination, congenital absence or hypoplasia. Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus of Valsalva is associated with increased sudden death risk…

…PH in the absence of CTEPH, lung disease, or another explanatory cause. PAH reflects marked pulmonary arterial remodelling, with fibroproliferative, plexogenic, and sometimes thrombotic changes…

…testing), and cardiac catheterization. Principles of management of congenital heart disease and GUCH Complex malformations often require intervention (surgical or catheter based intervention). In addition…

…Other congenital anomalies include anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and anomalous origin of one coronary artery from the opposite aortic…

…is usually thickened and during systole leaflet doming appears. The proximal part of the pulmonary artery is frequently dilated. The maximum and mean pressure gradient…

…there is no consensus regarding grading of tricuspid stenosis severity. Tricuspid stenosis is visually characterized by thickened leaflets, with reduced motion and potentially fused commisures…

…quantify the ratio of pulmonary blood flow (Qp) to systemic blood flow (Qs). This measurement is pivotal in diagnosing and managing congenital or acquired cardiac…

…autosomal dominant mechanisms. Complex or multifactorial genetic architecture. The inheritance pattern affects the appropriate scope and duration of family surveillance. For example, heterozygous carriers in…

…congenital heart disease. Cardiomyopathy leads to impaired cardiac function and heart failure. There are six main types of cardiomyopathy: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) — This type of…

…are cysts and tumors of the pericardium, as well as congenital malformations leading to an incomplete or absent pericardium. In case of suspicion of pericardial…

…prolongation and torsade de pointes reported to the FDA in postmarketing studies. Anti androgen Cancer (Prostate) Abiraterone is an antiandrogen used in the treatment of…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation QT duration and corrected QT (QTc) duration ECG interpretation always includes an assessment of the QT interval (QT duration). The…

…coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, congenital heart disease, diabetes mellitus (both type 1 and type 2), obesity, smoking, obstructive sleep apnea and chronic…

…The ventricle and RVOT (right ventricular outflow tract) become dilated, which further agravates the regurgitation. The proximal portion of the pulmonary artery may also be…

…1. ECG changes seen in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). The electrical vector of the left ventricle is enhanced in LVH…

…disorders , congenital heart disease and catecholamine induced ventricular tachycardia . The vast majority of patients with ventricular tachycardia either have coronary artery disease (ischemic heart disease)…

…to prevent or treat acute and subacute ventricular arrhythmias. The Singh Vaughan Williams classification fails to clarify that the majority of these agents exert effects…

…A, Lange Nielsen F. Congenital deaf mutism, functional heart disease with prolongation of the Q T interval and sudden death. Am Heart J 1957;54…

…and young adults with congenital heart disease. Initiation Strategies Because of its ability to significantly prolong the QT interval and cause torsades de pointes or…

…to prevent or treat acute and subacute ventricular arrhythmias. The Singh Vaughan Williams classification fails to clarify that the majority of these agents exert effects…

…muscle rupture. The risk of rupture is greater for the posteromedial papillary muscle, which only receives blood supply from one coronary artery (Coronary arteries). Chronic…

…and P3 (posterior or lateral scallop). Figure 1. Anatomy of the mitral valve The leaflets are connected to the papillary muscles via chordae tendineae (Figure…