…can refine interpretation. Coronary plaque and future events Angiographic stenosis severity is an imperfect predictor of future myocardial infarction or sudden death. Lesions causing only…

…PH in the absence of CTEPH, lung disease, or another explanatory cause. PAH reflects marked pulmonary arterial remodelling, with fibroproliferative, plexogenic, and sometimes thrombotic changes…

…testing), and cardiac catheterization. Principles of management of congenital heart disease and GUCH Complex malformations often require intervention (surgical or catheter based intervention). In addition…

…and imaging technique. Coronary fistulae represent abnormal communications between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber or vessel. Other congenital anomalies include anomalous origin of…

…up to 40 mm Hg in older and obese patients. References Baumgartner et al : Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE Recommendations for Clinical Practice…

…stenosis) requires intervention. Valve replacement can be performed with biological or mechanical prostheses. The former is preferred due to the lower risk of thrombosis and…

…quantify the ratio of pulmonary blood flow (Qp) to systemic blood flow (Qs). This measurement is pivotal in diagnosing and managing congenital or acquired cardiac…

…autosomal dominant mechanisms. Complex or multifactorial genetic architecture. The inheritance pattern affects the appropriate scope and duration of family surveillance. For example, heterozygous carriers in…

…congenital heart disease. Cardiomyopathy leads to impaired cardiac function and heart failure. There are six main types of cardiomyopathy: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) — This type of…

…are cysts and tumors of the pericardium, as well as congenital malformations leading to an incomplete or absent pericardium. In case of suspicion of pericardial…

…prolongation and torsade de pointes reported to the FDA in postmarketing studies. Anti androgen Cancer (Prostate) Abiraterone is an antiandrogen used in the treatment of…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation QT duration and corrected QT (QTc) duration ECG interpretation always includes an assessment of the QT interval (QT duration). The…

…risk of stroke and two times increased mortality, as compared with individuals without atrial fibrillation. The increased risk of stroke is explained by formation of…

…The ventricle and RVOT (right ventricular outflow tract) become dilated, which further agravates the regurgitation. The proximal portion of the pulmonary artery may also be…

…echocardiography. Causes of right ventricular hypertrophy Lung disease (with increased pulmonary vascular resistance), congenital heart disease (transposition of the great arteries, pulmonary valve stenosis, atrial…

…disorders , congenital heart disease and catecholamine induced ventricular tachycardia . The vast majority of patients with ventricular tachycardia either have coronary artery disease (ischemic heart disease)…

…to prevent or treat acute and subacute ventricular arrhythmias. The Singh Vaughan Williams classification fails to clarify that the majority of these agents exert effects…

…A, Lange Nielsen F. Congenital deaf mutism, functional heart disease with prolongation of the Q T interval and sudden death. Am Heart J 1957;54…

…and young adults with congenital heart disease. Initiation Strategies Because of its ability to significantly prolong the QT interval and cause torsades de pointes or…

…to prevent or treat acute and subacute ventricular arrhythmias. The Singh Vaughan Williams classification fails to clarify that the majority of these agents exert effects…

…of mitral regurgitation in low and middle income countries. Rheumatic heart disease typically results in thickening of the leaflets and may coexist with mitral stenosis…

…disease Congenital mitral stenosis Calcification of the mitral valve Complications to radiation therapy Mucopolysaccharidosis Carcinoid tumor Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Iatrogenic stenosis…