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Sinus node dysfunction (SND) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS)

…and atrial flutter. The condition in which sinus node dysfunction is accompanied by supraventricular tachyarrhythmia is referred to as tachy brady syndrome, because these individuals…

Cardiac thromboembolism: cardiac sources of embolism

Echocardiography Cardiac thromboembolism Thromboembolism is a leading cause of death worldwide (1). Emboli originating in the atria, left atrial appendage (LAA), ventricles, valves, and proximal…

Right bundle branch block (RBBB): ECG, criteria, definitions, causes & treatment

Conduction defects ECG Right bundle branch block (RBBB) Right bundle branch block (RBBB) is due to an anatomical or functional dysfunction in the right bundle…

Diagnosis and management of supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias: Narrow complex tachycardia & wide complex tachycardia

…In other words: tachycardias with narrow QRS complexes originate in the atria. the term supraventricular tachycardia is often used to refer to tachycardias originating in…

Junctional rhythm (escape rhythm) and junctional tachycardia

…originating near the atrioventricular node from those originating in the bundle of His. Well trained athletes may have very high Vagal tone which lowers the…

Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re-entry (reentry)

…automaticity in pacemaker cells or blocking of impulses somewhere along the conduction system. Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (tachycardia): rapid arrhythmias due to impulses originating from the atria…

Cardiac arrest during sepsis

…cardiac arrest in septic patients; timely oxygenation can potentially prevent circulatory collapse. Initiate an intravenous bolus of 500 ml crystalloid solution . Assess the esponse and…

Tricuspid stenosis

…condition that may be caused by rheumatic valvular disease, congenital heart disease, Whipple’s disease, or tumors. Rheumatic disease is the most common cause, in…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…The condition can develop despite a measurable or high blood alcohol concentration, particularly in patients with marked tolerance. The most important measures in severe or…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…often determined by the presence and severity of underlying cardiovascular disease. Conduction disease and the need for pacemaker therapy may be more frequent in T2DM…

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