…The central therapeutic objective is prevention of thromboembolic complications, particularly stroke. In untreated AF, stroke risk is increased approximately five fold, and AF is associated…

…injuries to the mediastinum can cause tamponade. Post operative Complications : Post surgical complications following thoracic procedures can cause tamponade. Tamponade with swinging heart of the…

…80 mg tablet once daily. Warnings and precautions Use Aspirin with caution in the following cases: Concurrent anticoagulant therapy (e.g., coumarin derivatives or heparin…

…to prevent unnecessary anticoagulation in low risk female patients, thereby reducing the potential for bleeding complications. The CHA₂DS₂ VA score is a clinical tool designed…

…important when considering ICD implantation, as the procedure carries both benefits (life saving therapy) and risks (e.g., device related complications). Monitoring disease progression By…

…with chloride following passively down the resulting electrochemical gradient. By inhibiting SGLT2, these drugs produce coupled sodium and glucose loss in approximately a 1:1…

…thrombosis Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction Pericarditis Dynamic recurrence of ST segment elevation is particularly concerning for a new infarction. A pericardial rub and poor…

…Stroke and TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) Ischemic stroke constitutes 87% of all stroke cases and is further divided into the following categories: Lacunar stroke or…

…indicated in patients with symptoms suggestive of acute myocardial infarction and at least one of the following criteria present: haemodynamic instability or cardiogenic shock recurrent…

…clinical context, the diagnosis requires evidence of new myocardial ischaemia, which may manifest through symptoms, ECG changes, or angiographic complications. Evaluation and Physical Examination The