…necessary to normalize blood pressure. Management of hypertension requires careful consideration of other cardiovascular risk factors and coexisting conditions. Therapy must be tailored to each…

…Developed from the ATRIA study cohort, this score aids clinicians in estimating the risk of bleeding complications due to anticoagulants. Components of the ATRIA Score…

…min). Patients with mild to moderate heart failure, kidney or liver disease, especially when combined with diuretics (risk of fluid retention and impaired kidney function)…

…clinical context, the diagnosis requires evidence of new myocardial ischaemia, which may manifest through symptoms, ECG changes, or angiographic complications. Evaluation and Physical Examination The

…is explained by the elevated intrapericardial pressure due to the tamponade. The increased pressure causes compression of the atria and the ventricles (particularly the former…

…exercise ECG Aortic dissection – due to risk of progression and rupture. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) within 48 hours – due to the risk of aggravating the…

…is too often discovered first at hospital admission due to its complications (stroke, thromboembolism, heart failure, dyspnea). Most individuals, however, do experience symptoms and th

…Polypoid myxoma usually causes haemodynamic complications due to obstruction. Papillary myxomas are small; they have a more stretched appearance and most often exhibit multiple villi…

…fibrillation arrests and moderate left ventricular dysfunction. This patient died at age 17 years due to complications related to his arrhythmia. His father and uncle…

…V7, V8 and V9 in patients with high suspicion of posterior acute myocardial infarction (e.g due to reciprocal ST segment depressions in V1, V2…