…particularly in patients with marked tolerance. The most important measures in severe or complicated withdrawal are: 1. A benzodiazepine in a sufficient and repeated dose…

…discussion: the ECG blog Myocardial ischemia and infarction Myocardial ischemia The definition of ischemia may appear trivial but it is actually a very complicated topic…

…or complicated parapneumonic effusion. Suspected malignancy, tuberculous pleurisy or chylothorax. Therapeutic aspiration: dyspnoea caused by a pleural effusion, whatever the aetiology. Chest drainage: empyema, complicated…

…was not too impressed with current guidelines. He said that guidelines tend to be too complicated and too verbose. Those of us who have read…

…2800 adults per 1 million individuals have congenital heart defects, and half of them have moderate or complicated defects; the remaining third have mild defects (…

…It should be noted that there are newer, more complicated, indexes that are utilized in modern ECG machines but the sensitivity and specificity are only…

…is straightforward to understand why systolic function is fundamental to global cardiac function. Systole is a complicated process involving three distinct ventricular contractions, namely longitudinal…

…behind the sternum and thus is the most anteriorly located part of the heart. The right ventricle has a complicated anatomy. In cross section (SAX…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology In acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD), revascularization may be directed exclusively at the…

…resulting in myocyte necrosis. Plaque rupture may be further complicated by intraluminal thrombosis or haemorrhage into the plaque through the disrupted surface. Type 2 MI…

…main disease. Clinical presentation and symptoms The clinical presentation of multivessel CAD varies from stable angina or exertional limitation to acute coronary syndrome (ACS), ventricular…

…is 1–2 weeks after AMI, although descriptions of the syndrome include a broader interval of approximately 1–8 weeks. The pathogenesis is presumed to…

…The genetic mechanisms underlying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are complicated and some gene variants may only cause hypertrophy under certain loading conditions (i.e in the presence…

…QRS configurations are also indicate of previous myocardial infarction. New conduction defect Myocardial infarction/ischemia may be complicated with conduction defects (discussed in separate article).

…Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) Post infarction (including Dressler syndrome) Uremia Radiation to the heart Trauma Tuberculousis Neoplasms (cancer) Post cardiac surgery …

…mathematical relationship between aortic pressure, ventricular volume, and wall thickness is rather complicated and not within the scope of this discussion. The bottom line, however…

…small intimal disruptions in approximately 20%–60% of cases. These disruptions may initiate or complicate the haematoma. IMH most frequently involves the descending thoracic aorta…

…de novo variants, incomplete penetrance and variable phenotypic expression complicate risk prediction. Familial clustering may also reflect shared environmental or behavioural factors rather than a…

…LBBB significantly complicates the electrocardiographic diagnosis of MI because the resulting secondary ST T changes can either mask or mimic the signs of ischemia or…

…systemic inflammation. It is also associated with respiratory disorders, notably obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome, which further increase cardiovascular burden. Obesity may…