…and where no liver, lung or vessel lies in the path of the needle. Access Puncture site Direction Comment : : : : Subxiphoid 1–2 cm below and…

…is because it does not ensure complete drainage of the pericardium, and needles or catheters are at risk of bending or damage during chest compressions…

…haemodynamic consequences of the culprit lesion. Patients may present with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non ST elevation ACS (NSTE ACS), or ACS complicated…

Echocardiography The standard transthoracic echocardiographic examination This chapter presents a sequential series of images that comprise a complete standard echocardiographic examination. The image views are…

…of the most popular ECG books and resources Recognizing that many visitors are interested in other books and online resources, we have plowed through more…

…is also constant. Atria and ventricles are depolarized separately. The ventricular rhythm is an escape rhythm arising in the AV node or bundle of His.

…a diagnosis of third degree AV block if the atrial and ventricular rate is equal and the P waves occur right before the QRS complexes…

Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and cardiovascular rationale Smoking cessation is the complete discontinuation of tobacco smoking, with avoidance of second hand smoke and, where possible…

…Definition and pathophysiology A chronic total occlusion (CTO) is a complete or nearly complete coronary arterial obstruction that has persisted for at least 30 days…

…direction of the QRS complex The QRS complex can be classified as net positive or net negative, referring to its net direction. The QRS complex…