…surgeon. Myocardial rupture after myocardial infarction, and traumatic haemopericardium — these require surgery; pericardiocentesis is at best a bridge to it. A small (under 10 mm)…

…This is because it does not ensure complete drainage of the pericardium, and needles or catheters are at risk of bending or damage during chest…

…relevant residual ischaemia, particularly after complex coronary intervention. The clinical importance of residual disease is also influenced by anatomic complexity and comorbidity, which themselves may…

…and overall mortality. Ventricular dimensions are measured using an electronic caliper, with the tips positioned at the interface between the compacted myocardium and the noncompacted…

…comprehensive learning ecosystem. It includes a complete ECG book, enriched with over 600 pages, engaging video lectures, challenging tests, and versatile study tools. From basic…

…complete heart block). P waves are not related to QRS. PP interval is constant, but independent of RR interval, which is also constant. Atria and…

…per minute. If the escape rhythm has wide QRS complexes and a frequency of 20–40 it is most likely a ventricular escape rhythm. Ventricular…

…in cardiovascular harm. Complete cessation is therefore the preferred therapeutic endpoint. The cardiovascular benefits of cessation extend across primary and secondary prevention. Observational evidence indicates…

…ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology A chronic total occlusion (CTO) is a complete or nearly complete coronary arterial obstruction that has persisted for at…

…complete QRS complex consists of a Q , R and S wave. However, all three waves may not be visible and there is always variation between…