…surgeon. Myocardial rupture after myocardial infarction, and traumatic haemopericardium — these require surgery; pericardiocentesis is at best a bridge to it. A small (under 10 mm)…

…This is because it does not ensure complete drainage of the pericardium, and needles or catheters are at risk of bending or damage during chest…

…with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD), revascularization may be directed exclusively at the infarct related artery (IRA), or it may extend to additional non infarct…

Echocardiography The standard transthoracic echocardiographic examination This chapter presents a sequential series of images that comprise a complete standard echocardiographic examination. The image views are…

…Sweden, is the force behind the comprehensive online course at ecgwaves.com. This website provides a comprehensive learning ecosystem. It includes a complete ECG book…

Info The ECG shows AV block III (complete heart block). P waves are not related to QRS. PP interval is constant, but independent of RR…

…Importantly, for the ventricles to have any electrical (and thus pumping) activity at all, an escape rhythm must arise in an ectopic focus (located distal…

Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and cardiovascular rationale Smoking cessation is the complete discontinuation of tobacco smoking, with avoidance of second hand smoke and, where possible…

…Definition and pathophysiology A chronic total occlusion (CTO) is a complete or nearly complete coronary arterial obstruction that has persisted for at least 30 days…

…Study Figure 7 carefully, as it illustrates how the P wave and QRS complex are generated by the electrical vectors. Note that the first vector…