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Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…explanation: Seizures A deeply reduced level of consciousness Coma Marked drowsiness, for example a Glasgow Coma Scale below 8 Vomiting together with clear neurological impairment…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…Remove contaminated clothing and wash the skin after external exposure A low Glasgow Coma Scale is not on its own an absolute indication for intubation…

Inpatient insulin therapy: quick reference

…the separate quick reference. Forgetting to review the dose as the corticosteroid is tapered. The dose must come down in parallel, otherwise hypoglycaemia will follow…

Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders as Future Cardiovascular Risk

…hypertension, defined as blood pressure ≥160/110 mmHg Headache that does not respond to medication Visual disturbance Persistent severe epigastric pain Pulmonary oedema Thrombocytopenia, with…

Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

…Aspiration Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Bronchospasm (asthma) Other : Coma Central hypoventilation syndromes Neuromuscular diseases Anemia The natural course of asphyxia Should ventilation be entirely…

Cardiac arrest in hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia

…body's capacity for heat elimination. Hyperthermia can induce an inflammatory state similar to the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). Body temperatures surpassing 40°C (104°F…

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state: quick reference

…quick reference is intended primarily for adults and summarises the order in which measures are taken and the principles that are common to all protocols…

Endotracheal intubation

…during airway management , and both are predictable. Indications Inability to protect the airway: reduced level of consciousness, loss of pharyngeal reflexes, vomiting with a risk…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…glucose to the brain can cause: difficulty concentrating irritability or abnormal behaviour slurred speech visual disturbance confusion focal neurological signs drowsiness or unconsciousness seizures coma…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…muscle cramps, apathy, confusion, impaired reflexes. Severe <115 mmol/L Seizures, coma, respiratory arrest, brainstem herniation and death. Table 2. Grading of hyponatremia. Hypernatremia Hypernatremia…

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