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Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…explanation: Seizures A deeply reduced level of consciousness Coma Marked drowsiness, for example a Glasgow Coma Scale below 8 Vomiting together with clear neurological impairment…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…Remove contaminated clothing and wash the skin after external exposure A low Glasgow Coma Scale is not on its own an absolute indication for intubation…

Inpatient insulin therapy: quick reference

…high value As required, in addition to the mealtime dose Never stop basal insulin in a person with type 1 diabetes , not even before fasting…

Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders as Future Cardiovascular Risk

…nevertheless be diagnosed without proteinuria when clinical symptoms or laboratory abnormalities indicate end organ injury. Eclampsia is the occurrence of new onset seizures or coma…

Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

…Aspiration Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Bronchospasm (asthma) Other : Coma Central hypoventilation syndromes Neuromuscular diseases Anemia The natural course of asphyxia Should ventilation be entirely…

Cardiac arrest in hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia

…Neurological symptoms, confusion, convulsion, tachycardia, hypotension, coma. As above but with lower temperatures. Electrolyte replacement. Large infusions of fluids are typically needed. Table 1. Grading…

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state: quick reference

…L pH < 7.00 or bicarbonate < 10 mmol/L Stupor or coma may occur Mixed picture of DKA and HHS Overlap is common…

Endotracheal intubation

…neck mobility (1 point), mouth opening under 3 cm (1 point), coma (1 point), severe hypoxaemia below 80 % (1 point), and the intubator not being…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…can cause: difficulty concentrating irritability or abnormal behaviour slurred speech visual disturbance confusion focal neurological signs drowsiness or unconsciousness seizures coma The symptom threshold varies…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…muscle cramps, apathy, confusion, impaired reflexes. Severe <115 mmol/L Seizures, coma, respiratory arrest, brainstem herniation and death. Table 2. Grading of hyponatremia. Hypernatremia Hypernatremia…

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