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Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…vomiting, generalized malaise, and visual disturbances such as altered color perception and halo vision. Cardiac toxicity presents as various arrhythmias, ranging from bradycardias related to…

Otoscopy and ear syringing

…speculum under vision, to a maximum of about 8 mm. 5. Follow a systematic order: the skin of the ear canal → the colour and…

Color Doppler

…simultaneously. If the blood flow velocity exceeds the Nyquist limit, aliasing occurs and the signal changes color (blue turns red, and red turns blue). Aliasing…

Assessment of diastolic function by echocardiography

…The pulsed Doppler beam can be positioned using color Doppler (to visualize the direction of flow) and continuous Doppler (to locate the maximum flow velocities…

M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography

…transducer, frequently making it difficult to obtain representative sections of structures of interest. M mode can be combined with Doppler techniques (Color Doppler, Tissue Doppler)…

Management of bradycardia (bradyarrhythmia)

…movements Chest percussion Lung auscultation Pulse oximetry ( 95%) C Circulation Skin color Sweating Capillary refill time (<2 s) Palpate pulse Heart auscultation Blood pressure ECG…

Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area (PISA)

…the shape of a hemisphere with multiple layers. Flow velocity is equal within each layer (depicted with different colors). (B) Schematic illustration of mitral regurgitation…

Tissue Doppler (Tissue Velocity Imaging)

…a color sector. Myocardium moving towards the transducer is colored red, and myocardium moving away from the transducer is colored blue. The advantage of color…

Basic Life Support (BLS) in cardiac arrest

…recommended for medical professionals. Evaluation of skin color is not necessary to confirm cardiac arrest. Skin color is pale or cyanotic, but this may be…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…in the image. If these spaces appear in any shade of gray, then the gain must be reduced. When using color Doppler, the Nyquist l

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