…or increase aortic wall stress. Relevant associations include: Systemic hypertension Marfan syndrome Loeys–Dietz syndrome Ehlers–Danlos syndrome Inflammatory aortitis, including Takayasu arteritis and giant…

…intramural haematomas. Inherited connective tissue disorders, including Marfan syndrome and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. FMD may be clinically occult and can affect multiple vascular territories, including…

…of the normal electrocardiogram (ECG / EKG) Figure 1. The classical ECG curve with its most common waveforms. Important intervals and points of measurement are depicted…

…activated and contracts. Figure 1 illustrates the relevant components of the conduction system, the heart and the classical ECG waveforms. Figure 1 . The cardiac cycle…

…occlusion of small penetrating arteries that provide blood to deep structures. Lacunar stroke results in five classical lacunar syndromes, namely: (1) pure motor stroke/hemiparesis …

…The most classical ECG finding is generalized ST segment depressions with curved ST segment (generalized implies that the depressions may occur in most ECG leads…

…Conversely, patients with chronic renal failure may have very high values without the classical ECG findings. A rapidly rising potassium is usually more dangerous than…

…corticosteroids. The time limit and the choice of closure strategy The classical limit of 6–8 hours for primary closure rests on weak evidence. More…

…medicine Procedurer Definition and Pathophysiology Cardiac tamponade is a life threatening clinical syndrome in which increased intrapericardial pressure compresses the heart and impairs ventricular filling…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) comprise the clinical manifestations of chronic structural and/or functional disease involving the…