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Circulatory and haemodynamic parameters

…normally 950–1150 mL/min Haemodynamic profiles in shock Type CO SVR CVP/PCWP ScvO₂ : : : : : : : : : Hypovolaemic ↓ ↑ ↓ ↓ Cardiogenic ↓ ↑ ↑ ↓…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

Procedurer In acute circulatory failure it is not the number of cannulae that matters but the flow per unit time . A large bore, short cannula…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…Skin symptoms may be absent, and circulatory shock does not have to be present for the condition to be serious [1]. Intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine) is…

Cardiac tamponade causing cardiac arrest

…It is uncommon for chronic pericardial effusions to cause sudden cardiac arrest since these cases tend to be recognized and managed before circulatory collapse occurs…

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR)

…spontaneous cardiac rhythm. The likelihood of achieving spontaneous cardiac activity is a function of the duration of circulatory standstill and the underlying cause, as elaborated…

Left Ventricular Function

…and rather complex. Indeed, myocardial mechanics constitute a whole research field. Cardiac function is also dependent on circulatory, pulmonary, renal and neurohormonal factors. These factors…

Myocardial Mechanics: Structure and Function of Myocardial Fibers

…be subdivided into several layers. These layers are similar to those seen in arteries throughout the circulatory system (Figure 1). The ventricular wall consists of…

Deceased donor organ donation

…Donation after death by neurological criteria (total brain infarction) Donation after circulatory death Starting point A ventilated patient who develops total brain infarction An intensive…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…hypoglycaemia, circulatory failure, sepsis, stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, seizure, poisoning and severe withdrawal. 4. Establish whether the condition is new or clearly worse than baseline. Contact…

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state: quick reference

…and patients with advanced renal failure, marked heart failure or circulatory shock require a specific protocol and early specialist involvement. DKA and HHS are dynamic…

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