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Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…the next unit. In chronic anaemia with a treatable cause — iron deficiency, B12 deficiency, folate deficiency — transfusion is rarely the right measure. Contraindications Anaemia that…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…right level is to give a small dose, wait until it has worked, and assess the effect before the next one is given. The serious…

🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

…risk of fluid retention and impaired kidney function). Patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hay fever, or nasal polyps (increased risk of hypersensitivity…

Hypertensive crisis: drugs and doses

…no absolute threshold defines the condition. A rapid rise in blood pressure can cause serious organ damage even at lower levels, particularly in pregnancy [1…

Antiplatelet Therapy in Secondary Prevention After Myocardial Infarction

… prevent stent thrombosis after PCI; reduce recurrent atherothrombotic events in chronic coronary disease; preserve the benefit of coronary intervention while limiting major and clinically relevant…

Complete Versus Culprit-Only Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome

…Patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease have a higher burden of comorbidity and an increased risk of in hospital complications, including serious bleeding…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…and scope Coronary angiography is an invasive fluoroscopic procedure in which contrast media are injected selectively into the epicardial coronary arteries through a catheter advanced…

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

…are common differential diagnoses which represent contraindications for thrombolysis. Venous thromboembolism is a chronic and serious condition. Mortality in pulmonary embolism is up to 20…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…heart failure, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax and acute coronary syndrome must be actively considered [1]. Do the following early: 1. Assess airway, work of breathing, level…

Hyperkalaemia: quick reference for emergency treatment

…continuous ECG monitoring and early assessment of the need for dialysis ECG changes or serious neuromuscular symptoms mean a high risk even if the plasma…

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