…or cold exposure. The absence of chest pain does not exclude clinically important CCS. Silent or minimally symptomatic disease may occur in patients with diabetes…

…or neuropathic pain, in chronic non cancer pain, or in headache. A failure to improve function is a reason to taper off, not to increase…

…and infarction Definition and clinical rationale Stable angina, or chronic chest pain attributable to suspected chronic coronary syndrome, is evaluated by estimating the likelihood of…

Cardiology Endocrinology & metabolism Definition and pathophysiology Obesity is a chronic, relapsing and biologically complex disease characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. It is an…

…venous haemodynamics. Neuromodulation of cardiac pain signalling. Experimental angiogenic or regenerative strategies. The syndrome is clinically important not only because of persistent symptoms, but also…

…all chronic wounds are colonised, and a culture taken without clinical suspicion leads only to unnecessary antibiotics. 5. Biopsy any ulcer that has not healed…

…should not be interpreted in isolation because myocardial injury is also encountered in non ACS cardiopulmonary disease. Patients with persistent or recurrent chest pain require…

…hypertension, defined as blood pressure ≥160/110 mmHg Headache that does not respond to medication Visual disturbance Persistent severe epigastric pain Pulmonary oedema Thrombocytopenia, with…

…emerged, emphasizing the putative role of sensitized sensory nerve endings and afferent neural pathways in causing chronic refractory cough, akin to chronic neuropathic pain. This…

…ECG can help distinguish new abnormalities from chronic baseline findings, but comparison with an earlier tracing must not delay treatment when acute coronary occlusion is…