…kidney disease, autoimmune disease or previous thrombotic microangiopathy. Antidepressants can affect the blood pressure in several ways. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors can cause a hypertensive crisis…

…0.5–3.0 μg/kg/min + + + +++++ Low dose dopamine stimulates D1 receptors and induces vasodilatation in the coronary, renal, cerebral and mesenteric vessels…

…with cerebral atherosclerosis. Cryptogenic stroke : These cases have no known mechanism. Paradoxical embolism : Paradoxical embolism occurs when thromboembolic material is transported from the venous circulation…

…arrest In the context of cardiac tamponade, increased pressure within the pericardial sac impedes venous return to the right atrium. Similarly, in tension pneumothorax, the…

…the brain, and is therefore of prime importance. This is achieved by performing effective chest compressions and decompressions that result in perfusion of cardiac, cerebral…

…In contrast, dilated, light unresponsive pupils are indicative of cerebral anoxia or brain death and constitute an adverse prognostic sign. Notably, the presence of dilated…

…is no cerebral perfusion, with an equal degree of hypoxia in all neurons. There is one fundamental difference between neurons and myocardium in the setting…

…electrolytes and organic osmolytes. This adaptation reduces the cerebral oedema but makes the brain sensitive to a rapid increase in extracellular tonicity. This explains why…

…hypercholesterolaemia, and sedentary behaviour; family history, particularly in the broader assessment of peripheral arterial and aortic disease; planned surgery, especially carotid endarterectomy (CEA), coronary artery…

…a universal target. Chronic hypertension shifts autoregulation in the brain and kidneys towards higher pressures. Too rapid a normalisation can therefore cause cerebral, coronary or…

…and electrolytes in intensive care Neurological monitoring Parameter Target Comment : : : Intracranial pressure (ICP) < 22 mmHg The treatment threshold in traumatic brain injury Cerebral perfusion…

…dose : 0.5 3.0 μg/kg/min + + + +++++ Low dose dopamine stimulates D1 receptors and induces vasodilation in coronary, renal, cerebral and mesenteric vessels…

…Headache (cerebral vasodilation). Tachycardia (due to reflex sympathetic activation). Nausea. Vomiting. Flushing. Palpitations. Tolerance with prolonged use. Methemoglobinemia. Hypoxemia. Caution Proceed with caution in afterload…

…Subclinical cerebral injury may contribute to vascular dementia, and thromboembolism may affect organs other than the brain. Patients with AF in the setting of ACS…

…dose : 0.5 3.0 μg/kg/min + + + +++++ Low dose dopamine stimulates D1 receptors and induces vasodilation in coronary, renal, cerebral and mesenteric vessels…

…cardiac output, which postpones or mitigates cerebral injuries. No flow time and low flow time are critical parameters for determining the probability of survival. No…

…arterioles and veins via generation of cyclic GMP, which then activates calcium sensitive potassium channels in the cell membrane. Time to onset of action : 1…

…by increased serious gastrointestinal bleeding and a non significant increase in cerebral haemorrhage. Bleeding outcomes The principal harm of aspirin in primary prevention is bleeding…

…the vascular territory involved and may include manifestations of coronary, cerebral or peripheral arterial disease, although the source material does not specify symptom patterns in…

…The objective is to reduce aortic wall shear stress and rapidly lower systolic pressure. Renal and microvascular complications Renal involvement may manifest as deterioration in…

…malperfusion or rupture develops; surgery or endovascular treatment is therefore generally favoured within 14 days of symptom onset in the source material. Clinical Presentation and…

…laboratory abnormalities indicate end organ injury. Eclampsia is the occurrence of new onset seizures or coma in a pregnant woman with preeclampsia. HELLP syndrome—haemolysis…

…Chest pain is one of the most nuanced symptoms in clinical practice and it is fundamental to be able to differentiate benign from serious etiologies…

…brain death. The cause of brain injuries is anoxic cell death, continued dysfunction in cerebral blood flow (autoregulation) after ROSC and cerebral hypoperfusion. Myocardial dysfunction…