…kidney disease, autoimmune disease or previous thrombotic microangiopathy. Antidepressants can affect the blood pressure in several ways. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors can cause a hypertensive crisis…

…0.5–3.0 μg/kg/min + + + +++++ Low dose dopamine stimulates D1 receptors and induces vasodilatation in the coronary, renal, cerebral and mesenteric vessels…

…with cerebral atherosclerosis. Cryptogenic stroke : These cases have no known mechanism. Paradoxical embolism : Paradoxical embolism occurs when thromboembolic material is transported from the venous circulation…

…arrest In the context of cardiac tamponade, increased pressure within the pericardial sac impedes venous return to the right atrium. Similarly, in tension pneumothorax, the…

…the brain, and is therefore of prime importance. This is achieved by performing effective chest compressions and decompressions that result in perfusion of cardiac, cerebral…

…In contrast, dilated, light unresponsive pupils are indicative of cerebral anoxia or brain death and constitute an adverse prognostic sign. Notably, the presence of dilated…

…is no cerebral perfusion, with an equal degree of hypoxia in all neurons. There is one fundamental difference between neurons and myocardium in the setting…

…electrolytes and organic osmolytes. This adaptation reduces the cerebral oedema but makes the brain sensitive to a rapid increase in extracellular tonicity. This explains why…

…hypercholesterolaemia, and sedentary behaviour; family history, particularly in the broader assessment of peripheral arterial and aortic disease; planned surgery, especially carotid endarterectomy (CEA), coronary artery…

…a universal target. Chronic hypertension shifts autoregulation in the brain and kidneys towards higher pressures. Too rapid a normalisation can therefore cause cerebral, coronary or…