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Central venous catheter

…dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation. Repeated blood sampling during intensive care. Exhausted…

Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…is a central expression of the heart failure syndrome and reflects excessive retention of sodium and water, with expansion of both the intravascular and extravascular…

Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Statins as First-Line Treatment

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Lipid lowering therapy is a central component of cardiovascular prevention, particularly in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD…

Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance

…exertion rating times 10 and the actual heart rate during exercise; so a person's exertion rating provides an estimate of the actual heart rate…

🟠 Mitral valve

…20% of atrial size 4 10 cm² or 20 40% of atrial size 10 cm² or 40% of atrial size Jet orientation central variable excentric…

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

…evidence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and myocardial injury. This classification is central to determining the intensity of monitoring, supportive treatment, anticoagulation, and possible reperfusion…

Antiplatelet Therapy in Secondary Prevention After Myocardial Infarction

…and progression of atherosclerotic disease in patients with established coronary or other atherosclerotic vascular disease. Antiplatelet therapy is a central component because platelet activation and…

Coronary Anatomy and Segmental Classification for the Clinician

…with functional assessment. A central practical principle is that the visual severity of a stenosis does not reliably establish its haemodynamic importance. A lesion that…

Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Duration After Acute Coronary Syndromes and Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

…is central to the prevention of platelet mediated coronary thrombosis after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase and…

Physical Activity Prescription for Cardiovascular Prevention

…more structured form of physical activity undertaken to maintain or improve physical fitness. Regular physical activity is a central component of cardiovascular prevention and treatment…

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