…fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Their incidence has increased in parallel with older maternal age at first childbirth and the rising prevalence of obesity…

…PiCCO, central venous catheter). The hemodynamic effects persist for 7–10 days after the end of infusion. Refer to Table 2 for a comparison between…

…dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation. Repeated blood sampling during intensive care. Exhausted…

…pathophysiology Congestion is a central expression of the heart failure syndrome and reflects excessive retention of sodium and water, with expansion of both the intravascular…

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Lipid lowering therapy is a central component of cardiovascular prevention, particularly in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD…

…Exercise stress test Evaluation of the exercise stress test (exercise ECG) The ECG reaction has always been a central component of the exercise stress test…

…20% of atrial size 4 10 cm² or 20 40% of atrial size 10 cm² or 40% of atrial size Jet orientation central variable excentric…

…status, clinical severity, evidence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and myocardial injury. This classification is central to determining the intensity of monitoring, supportive treatment, anticoagulation…

…and progression of atherosclerotic disease in patients with established coronary or other atherosclerotic vascular disease. Antiplatelet therapy is a central component because platelet activation and…

…with functional assessment. A central practical principle is that the visual severity of a stenosis does not reliably establish its haemodynamic importance. A lesion that…