…at low heart rates. During vasovagal syncope (e.g during intense emotional stress) During vagal maneuvers (Valsalva maneuver, carotid sinus [baroreceptor] stimulation). It is common…

…Carotid sinus massage should be considered in patients with symptoms suggestive of carotid sinus syncope and in patients older than 40 years with recurrent syncope…

…Hypothyroidism. Medullar lesion. Increased intracranial pressure. General hypoxia. Autonomic nervous system Neurocardiogenic syncope. Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity. Electrolyte disturbances Hypokalemia. Hyperkalemia. Hypercalcemia. Benign causes Well trained…

…via the autonomic nervous system. It attenuates carotid sinus baroreceptor activity and acts centrally and peripherally to enhance vagal tone. These sympatho inhibitory effects decrease…

…plaque characteristics. In the general population, the prevalence of asymptomatic carotid stenosis of at least 70% is low, reported as 0–3.1%. In contrast…

…cervical spine surgery, atlantoaxial instability, severe rheumatoid arthritis of the neck. Symptomatic carotid stenosis, recent stroke or TIA in the vertebrobasilar territory. Retinal detachment. Relative:…

…be clinically occult and can affect multiple vascular territories, including the renal, carotid, vertebral and coronary arteries. In one study cited in the source material…

…or TIA. The purpose of performing an ultrasound is to scrutinize potential cardiac sources of emboli and to evaluate the carotid and cerebral arteries. Ultrasound…

…not fully explain the excess coronary risk. Rheumatoid arthritis RA is associated with increased carotid intima–media thickness, early plaque formation and coronary microvascular dysfunction…

…wave. Increasing the paper speed to 50 mm/s or applying carotid massage (which increases the atrioventricular block) will be helpful in such situations. Figure…

…up. Does the person breathe? Look for respiratory signs for 10 seconds. Palpation of pulses : carotid, femoral or radial artery. According to current guidelines, laypeople…