Cardiology Definition and terminology Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the cardinal symptoms and signs of heart…

…and the other for analyzing reflected sound waves. The cardinal difference between continuous wave Doppler and pulsed wave Doppler is that ultrasound is emitted and…

…6. Assess the indication for antibiotics on the basis of sputum purulence, the other cardinal symptoms and the severity of the illness. 7. Start NIV…

…it does not exclude Diastolic collapse of the right atrium and right ventricle The cardinal echocardiographic finding A dilated inferior vena cava without respiratory variation…

…Assessing pacemaker function requires knowledge of the mode of pacing, and careful analysis of ECG tracings. Most modern devices are capable of transmitting ECG tracings…

…and symptom characteristics alone cannot reliably identify the underlying mechanism. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Angina and anginal equivalents Chest pain or discomfort remains the cardinal…

…Characteristics: While dyspnea is the cardinal symptom, chest pain can be present [5]. Distinguishing Features: Pleuritic pain suggests pulmonary infarction, and a history of pain…

…context of acutely decompensated heart failure, shortness of breath is the cardinal symptom and may act as an ischaemic equivalent, though caution is advised in…

…workload required to elicit ischemia and symptoms. Angina pectoris: the hallmark of coronary artery disease Angina pectoris is the cardinal symptom of coronary artery disease…