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Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…or major non cardiac surgery. The vascular examination should include: palpation of peripheral pulses; auscultation for carotid, femoral, and abdominal bruits; bilateral brachial blood pressure…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…A cochlear implant Relative The contralateral side of the septum already cauterised — bilateral cautery carries a risk of perforation Anterior packing: Suspected base of skull…

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…balance. The principal sporadic subtypes are: Aldosterone producing adrenal adenoma Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia Primary or unilateral adrenal hyperplasia Rare aldosterone producing adrenal carcinoma Less commonly…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…to constrict the pupil. Under normal conditions, bright light causes rapid bilateral pupillary constriction (a brisk reflex), whereas low light causes dilation. This reflex is…

First-degree AV block (AV block I, AV block 1)

…along with wide QRS complexes (QRS duration ≥0,12 s) there is a high probability that the block is located bilaterally in the bundle branches…

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