…or major non cardiac surgery. The vascular examination should include: palpation of peripheral pulses; auscultation for carotid, femoral, and abdominal bruits; bilateral brachial blood pressure…

…bowl. Local anaesthesia and vasoconstriction: lidocaine 4 % with oxymetazoline 0.5 % (or xylometazoline) on cotton pledgets. Cautery: silver nitrate sticks; electrocautery as a second choice…

…balance. The principal sporadic subtypes are: Aldosterone producing adrenal adenoma Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia Primary or unilateral adrenal hyperplasia Rare aldosterone producing adrenal carcinoma Less commonly…

…During cardiac arrest, circulation to the brain is severely compromised or absent, leading to rapid brainstem hypoxia. As a result, pupils often dilate widely within…

…as it does not represent a true conduction block but rather a delay in the propagation of electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles…