…times given are approximate. Symptoms can begin before the blood alcohol concentration has reached zero, and several syndromes can overlap [1,4]. Time after a…

…digoxin. Increased Vagus activity diminishes the automaticity in the sinoatrial node (which lowers heart rate) and also slows conduction over the atrioventricular (AV) node. The…

…Consequently, the decision to prescribe colchicine requires attention to the balance between reduction in ischaemic events and possible infectious or other non cardiovascular adverse outcomes…

…benefit Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Symptoms depend on the organ system involved. Possible manifestations include headache, visual disturbance, chest pain, dyspnoea, dizziness, and neurological deficits…

…necrosis and cardiac troponin release meeting the criteria of the universal definition of MI. Clinically, UA is defined by one or more of the following…

…other inhaled nicotine products. In cardiovascular medicine, the objective is not merely to reduce cigarette consumption but to achieve complete abstinence from tobacco and ultimately…

…life threatening arrhythmia that requires immediate attention. The ventricular rate is typically very high (100–250 beats per minute) and cardiac output is affected (i…

…be established after all other causes have been ruled out. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is presumably more common than previously thought and the condition may hamper…

…segment elevations that are not caused by ischemia and a significant proportion have ST T changes caused by other pathological conditions (such as bundle branch…

…appropriate intensity, with attention to the emergence of symptoms. Evaluation Before Rehabilitation Clinical assessment Rehabilitation begins with patient assessment and ongoing medical surveillance. The programme…

…and tolerability. Whether the patient has persistent or progressive disease suggestive of an advanced phenotype. Particular attention should be paid to potentially reversible causes and…

…heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and other arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities. CKD also worsens the prognosis of established CVD. Mechanisms linking CKD to cardiovascular disease The…

…By integrating anatomical measurements and Doppler hemodynamics, clinicians gain valuable insights into shunt severity and directionality. While the technique requires meticulous attention to imaging standards…

…heart attack and a high risk of developing an atherothrombotic event. Contraindications Hypersensitivity to the active substance or any excipient. Active bleeding. Previous intracranial hemorrhage…

…pregnant women, patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and patients treated with CAR T cells or other advanced immunotherapies may require separate local protocols. Definition…

…with chloride following passively down the resulting electrochemical gradient. By inhibiting SGLT2, these drugs produce coupled sodium and glucose loss in approximately a 1:1…

…Tissue attenuation is expressed relative to water in Hounsfield units. Bone is highly attenuating, air has very low attenuation, and blood and myocardium have intermediate…

…and is consistent with inducible ischaemia. A persistent defect on stress and rest images may represent scar, although interpretation must account for attenuation and other…

…overview image the depth is reduced as much as possible. Reducing the depth results in increased frame rate and thus better image resolution. If possible…