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Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…times given are approximate. Symptoms can begin before the blood alcohol concentration has reached zero, and several syndromes can overlap [1,4]. Time after a…

Digoxin - ECG changes, arrhythmias, conduction defects & treatment

…digoxin. Increased Vagus activity diminishes the automaticity in the sinoatrial node (which lowers heart rate) and also slows conduction over the atrioventricular (AV) node. The…

Colchicine and Anti-inflammatory Therapy in Coronary Disease

…Consequently, the decision to prescribe colchicine requires attention to the balance between reduction in ischaemic events and possible infectious or other non cardiovascular adverse outcomes…

Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…benefit Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Symptoms depend on the organ system involved. Possible manifestations include headache, visual disturbance, chest pain, dyspnoea, dizziness, and neurological deficits…

Unstable Angina: Definition and Contemporary Management

…necrosis and cardiac troponin release meeting the criteria of the universal definition of MI. Clinically, UA is defined by one or more of the following…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…other inhaled nicotine products. In cardiovascular medicine, the objective is not merely to reduce cigarette consumption but to achieve complete abstinence from tobacco and ultimately…

Ventricular tachycardia (VT): ECG criteria, causes, classification, treatment

…life threatening arrhythmia that requires immediate attention. The ventricular rate is typically very high (100–250 beats per minute) and cardiac output is affected (i…

Sinus tachycardia & Inappropriate sinus tachycardia

…be established after all other causes have been ruled out. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is presumably more common than previously thought and the condition may hamper…

Clinical application of ECG in chest pain & acute myocardial infarction

…segment elevations that are not caused by ischemia and a significant proportion have ST T changes caused by other pathological conditions (such as bundle branch…

Cardiac Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction

…appropriate intensity, with attention to the emergence of symptoms. Evaluation Before Rehabilitation Clinical assessment Rehabilitation begins with patient assessment and ongoing medical surveillance. The programme…

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