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Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Revascularisation Strategy

…blood flow and angina related health status but does not reverse coronary atherosclerosis. Long term benefit therefore depends on the integration of revascularisation with guideline…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…focal arterial lesions. Although epicardial coronary arteries are a major site of disease, atherosclerosis is systemic and may affect multiple arterial territories. The arterial wall…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…rapid thrombotic occlusion of a previously atherosclerotic coronary artery. Slowly progressive severe stenoses are less likely to cause STEMI because collateral vessels may develop over…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…progressive aortic wall disruption, rupture and compromise of branch vessels. Type A disease may cause cardiac tamponade, severe acute aortic regurgitation, coronary malperfusion, myocardial ischaemia…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Cardiology Coronary Atherosclerosis Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…is the most severe complication of coronary artery disease. The most common initiating mechanism is rupture or erosion of a vulnerable (unstable) atherosclerotic coronary plaque…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…cause necrosis. Screening in diabetes of 10 years' duration, or in diabetes with age 50 years. Risk assessment in known coronary or cerebrovascular disease. Follow…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…Coronary arterial thrombi are predominantly platelet rich because they form under high shear conditions. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or injury associated with PCI exposes…

Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Choosing Anticoagulation

…atrial appendage, although competing mechanisms such as large artery atherosclerosis and small vessel disease may also contribute to stroke in patients with AF. Stroke risk…

Coronary Anomalies and Myocardial Bridging

…chamber or vessel. Other congenital anomalies include anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and anomalous origin of one coronary artery from…

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