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Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…5. Biopsy any ulcer that has not healed within three months despite adequate treatment — malignancy (Marjolin's ulcer, basal cell carcinoma) and vasculitis do occur…

🟠 Mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculator

…Advantages of measuring MAP over systolic blood pressure While systolic blood pressure (SBP) indicates the maximum pressure during heart contraction, it does not provide a…

Atropine: Dosing in Bradycardia and Its Limitations

…not provide specific details regarding the physical examination or general evaluation of patients with bradycardia. Diagnostics Electrocardiographic assessment is fundamental to the diagnosis and management…

Hypertriglyceridaemia: Management and Cardiovascular Risk

…specialist lipid assessment is required. A comprehensive cardiovascular assessment should include review of modifiable risk factors and associated disease. The supplied material does not specify…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…immediate clinical assessment by a vascular specialist or urgent transfer to a facility with vascular expertise. The initial evaluation should establish: The time of symptom…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusions: Indications and Outcomes

…does not describe specific physical signs of CTO or a dedicated physical examination algorithm. Diagnostics Non invasive assessment of ischaemia and viability Objective evidence of…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…function. In the context of cardiac arrest and the post resuscitation period, assessment of the PLR has long been considered for its prognostic implications. Clinicians…

Status epilepticus: quick reference for emergency treatment

…Do not wait for laboratory results, CT or EEG before the first dose of benzodiazepine is given. Airway, breathing and circulation Perform an ABCDE assessment…

Stress Echocardiography: Protocols and Interpretation

…setting of suspected ischaemia or previous infarction Dyspnoea requires assessment of dynamic LV function, valve disease, pulmonary pressure, or haemodynamics Stress imaging is not recommended…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…respiratory or circulatory compromise despite two adequate intramuscular doses of adrenaline and initial fluid treatment Adrenaline infusion and advanced resuscitation in a monitored setting The…

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