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Vasovagal Syncope: Diagnosis, Tilt Testing and Treatment

…the most common form of neurally mediated syncope (NMS), a disorder of autonomic reflexes. It typically occurs after attaining an upright posture or following painful…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol use disorder and planned follow up , not merely detoxification. Benzodiazepines reduce the severity of withdrawal…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…or glucagon. In a person without diabetes, a hypoglycaemic disorder is defined primarily by Whipple's triad : 1. Symptoms or signs consistent with hypoglycaemia. 2…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…including gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and anxiety related disorders. The immediate objective is not simply to establish whether the patient has ACS. It is to determine whether…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…associated with later cardiovascular risk include: Premature menopause Premature ovarian insufficiency Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy Preeclampsia Preterm delivery Gestational diabetes Small for gestational age delivery…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…It is often accompanied by sweating, nausea, vomiting, anxiety, and a sense of impending doom. When pain begins during exertion, it does not usually subside…

Hypertensive crisis: drugs and doses

…acute kidney injury, myocardial ischaemia or cerebral hypoperfusion. Pain, anxiety, urinary retention, hypoxia, drug withdrawal and incorrect blood pressure measurement must be corrected before treatment…

Oesophageal ECG

…Marked nausea, anxiety or communication difficulties that prevent the patient from cooperating. Suspected base of skull fracture or marked coagulopathy argues against the nasal route…

🟠 Management of STEMI (ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction)

…opioids. IIa C Anxiety Tranquillizer (e.g benzodiazepine) is considered. IIa C Cardiac arrest Management Recommendation Level of evidence Urgent angiography is indicated in patients…

Cardiac Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction

…dyslipidaemia, and diabetes mellitus Reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms Facilitate return to work and appropriate recreational or sporting activity Limit recurrent myocardial infarction, cardiovascular morbidity…

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