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🟠 Reference values for adult ECG

…tachycardias actually originate from the atria but the QRS complexes become wide due to abnormal ventricular depolarization (e.g sinus tachycardia with simultaneous left bundle…

🟠 Left ventricular diastolic function

…adult Abnormal relaxation (grade 1 dysfunction) Pseudonormal (grade 2 dysfunction) Reversible restrictive filling (grade 3 dysfunction) Irreversible restrictive filling (grade 4 dysfunction) E/A ratio…

🟠 QTc Interval Calculator (Bazett’s, Fridericia’s, Hodge's and Framingham Formulas)

…ms 450 ms 470 ms Table 1 . Reference intervals for QTc duration according to Bazett's formula. Note that a QTc interval 480 is always…

🟠 Prasugrel (Effient, Efient, Prasita)

…severe bleeding. Particular caution is required for: Patients aged ≥ 75 years. Patients with a tendency to bleed (e.g., due to recent trauma, surgery, gastrointestinal…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…are taken from the recommendations of Strama Stockholm for the empirical antibiotic treatment of adults in hospital and in residential care homes (SÄBO) 2025/2026…

Opioids in acute pain: quick reference for dosing and conversion

…half the adult dose and lengthen the interval Liver failure A reduced dose and a longer interval for all opioids Obesity Dose according to effect…

Paediatric and neonatal ECG interpretation

…the newborn differ markedly from adult reference values and normalise gradually through childhood. The interpretation is made in the same systematic way as in adults…

🟠 Ticagrelor (Brilinta, Brilique)

…in adult patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or a prior heart attack and a high risk of developing an atherothrombotic event. Contraindications Hypersensitivity to…

Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…declined over time due to the advent of more efficacious agents with wider therapeutic to toxic windows, and its routine use in adult patients is…

Cardiac arrest during pregnancy and childbirth

…according to adult recommendations. Electrode pads should be positioned as standard, and defibrillation energy levels should remain consistent with those used for non pregnant adults…

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