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Left Ventricular Thrombus After Myocardial Infarction

…may be: Mural: flattened, fixed, and closely adherent to the endocardial surface. Protruding or mobile: extending into the ventricular cavity, sometimes with independently mobile components…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…nitrate. Electrocautery or a heated paper clip for trephination. Antibiotic ointment, a non adherent dressing, gauze. The digital block Anaesthetise from the dorsal aspect, one…

Antianginal Therapy: Beta-Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Nitrates, and Ranolazine

…CCS) is directed primarily at reducing myocardial ischaemia and relieving anginal symptoms, while maintaining tolerability and adherence. Selection should be individualized according to blood pressure…

Cardiac arrest during pregnancy and childbirth

…hospital, prompt communication with an obstetrician and neonatologist is critical. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should generally adhere to the standard adult guidelines, encompassing chest compressions, ventilation…

Warfarin therapy

…Venous thromboembolism when a DOAC cannot be used (interactions, cost, adherence, pregnancy after the first trimester under specialist care). Rheumatic mitral stenosis with atrial fibrillation…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…P. When ACE is inhibited, the resulting accumulation of these peptides irritates afferent neural pathways in the respiratory tract. This process is not dose dependent…

Complete Versus Culprit-Only Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome

…age, frailty, and anticipated adherence to antithrombotic therapy. Anatomical and functional completeness are not synonymous. Anatomically incomplete revascularization may nevertheless be functionally complete if all…

Hypertension: Initial Combination Therapy and Drug Selection

…the dose of a single drug. They may also permit lower doses of each component, potentially limiting adverse effects and facilitating adherence. Treatment response, however…

Resistant Hypertension: Evaluation and Treatment

…function is impaired. Inadequate adherence to medication or dietary sodium restriction may therefore mimic pharmacological resistance or contribute directly to persistent hypertension. Resistant hypertension is…

SGLT2 Inhibitors for Cardiovascular and Renal Protection

…sodium delivery to the macula densa restores tubuloglomerular feedback, causing afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction and reducing glomerular hyperfiltration. The cardiovascular and renal effects extend beyond glycaemic…

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