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Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…fitness or individual health status. In particular, it cannot distinguish adipose tissue from lean mass. Waist circumference and the waist to hip ratio provide additional…

LDL Cholesterol Targets Across Cardiovascular Risk Categories

…may be clinically important in individuals at high or very high risk. Prolonged exposure to lower LDL C concentrations is associated with lower ASCVD risk…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…The flows apply to water by gravity according to the manufacturers' standard measurements. Blood and colloids flow more slowly, and every additional length of tubing…

PCSK9 Inhibitors: Indications, Efficacy and Access

…LDL receptor. They lower LDL C by approximately 50–60%, including in patients receiving background statin therapy and in those unable to tolerate statins, provided…

Bempedoic Acid: Evidence and Clinical Use

…17%–25% In patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease or familial hypercholesterolaemia, addition of bempedoic acid to statin therapy reduced LDL C by approximately 16.5…

Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Statins as First-Line Treatment

…with ACS to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events. Therapy should preferably begin before planned percutaneous coronary intervention when feasible. Patients already taking low or moderate…

Physical Activity Prescription for Cardiovascular Prevention

…undertaken to maintain or improve physical fitness. Regular physical activity is a central component of cardiovascular prevention and treatment. It is associated with lower cardiovascular…

Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Revascularisation Strategy

…a lesion proximal to the first septal perforator of the left anterior descending artery was associated with lower five year survival than a more distal…

Colchicine and Anti-inflammatory Therapy in Coronary Disease

…directed therapies. Anti inflammatory treatment seeks to reduce this residual risk without necessarily altering lipid concentrations, blood pressure or other conventional risk factors. Colchicine is…

Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS)

…much lower or uncertain. Indeed, the greatest opportunities for survival exist during the first few minutes from collapse. Table 1 shows the number needed to…

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