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Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…mass. Waist circumference and the waist to hip ratio provide additional information about visceral adiposity and may correlate more closely with outcomes than BMI, particularly…

LDL Cholesterol Targets Across Cardiovascular Risk Categories

…at high or very high risk. Prolonged exposure to lower LDL C concentrations is associated with lower ASCVD risk. Atherogenic particle burden is not completely…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…the hand is suitable for finer cannulae. Avoid the lower limb in adults. In shock with collapsed vessels, the antecubital fossa or the external jugular…

PCSK9 Inhibitors: Indications, Efficacy and Access

…with the hepatic LDL receptor. They lower LDL C by approximately 50–60%, including in patients receiving background statin therapy and in those unable to…

Bempedoic Acid: Evidence and Clinical Use

…addition of bempedoic acid to statin therapy reduced LDL C by approximately 16.5%; the reduction in a subgroup with diabetes was approximately 19.1…

Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Statins as First-Line Treatment

…until outpatient follow up. High intensity statin treatment is recommended for all patients with ACS to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events. Therapy should preferably begin…

Physical Activity Prescription for Cardiovascular Prevention

…undertaken to maintain or improve physical fitness. Regular physical activity is a central component of cardiovascular prevention and treatment. It is associated with lower cardiovascular…

Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Revascularisation Strategy

…a lesion proximal to the first septal perforator of the left anterior descending artery was associated with lower five year survival than a more distal…

Colchicine and Anti-inflammatory Therapy in Coronary Disease

…additional therapy alongside standard treatment. Interleukin 1β inhibition Canakinumab reduced inflammatory biomarkers without affecting lipids or other major coronary risk factors. In patients with…

Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS)

…be established. Nasopharyngeal airways may cause complications in patients with skull fractures (risk of intracranial malposition of the tube) or coagulopathy (risk of bleeding). An…

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