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Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…the waist to hip ratio provide additional information about visceral adiposity and may correlate more closely with outcomes than BMI, particularly in women. For European…

LDL Cholesterol Targets Across Cardiovascular Risk Categories

…it captures triglyceride rich lipoproteins in addition to LDL and other apoB containing particles. Cardiovascular risk categories Primary prevention For adults aged 40–75 years…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…is not enough. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL to anaesthetise the marrow cavity in a conscious patient. Fixation material for the intraosseous needle. Procedure Peripheral venous…

PCSK9 Inhibitors: Indications, Efficacy and Access

…cholesterol (LDL C). Increased PCSK9 activity therefore contributes to higher LDL C concentrations. The genetic evidence provides the rationale for therapeutic inhibition. Gain of function…

Bempedoic Acid: Evidence and Clinical Use

…atherosclerotic vascular disease or familial hypercholesterolaemia, addition of bempedoic acid to statin therapy reduced LDL C by approximately 16.5%; the reduction in a subgroup…

Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Statins as First-Line Treatment

…addition of a non statin agent when LDL C is 55–69 mg/dL (≥1.4 to <1.8 mmol/L). Non statin treatment for…

Physical Activity Prescription for Cardiovascular Prevention

…Balance exercises Flexibility exercises Walking, yoga and gardening may provide useful activity for individuals who are reluctant to undertake formal exercise. Increasing movement during daily…

Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Revascularisation Strategy

…and revascularisation recommendations are not restricted to patients with symptoms. Current guidance supports revascularisation for significant left main stenosis irrespective of symptomatic status or the…

Colchicine and Anti-inflammatory Therapy in Coronary Disease

…failed to demonstrate clinical benefit in the settings studied. Clinical application and patient populations The evidence for anti inflammatory treatment in coronary disease has principally…

Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS)

…needed to treat (NNT) for the ACLS specific interventions is much higher or uncertain, meaning that the efficacy of these interventions is much lower or…

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