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Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…mass. Waist circumference and the waist to hip ratio provide additional information about visceral adiposity and may correlate more closely with outcomes than BMI, particularly…

LDL Cholesterol Targets Across Cardiovascular Risk Categories

…combined dyslipidaemia, non HDL C is particularly relevant because it captures triglyceride rich lipoproteins in addition to LDL and other apoB containing particles. Cardiovascular risk…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…the deep forearm veins accessible to those who are experienced. Size Colour Approximate flow Typical use : : : : 14 G Orange 250–300 mL/min Massive haemorrhage…

PCSK9 Inhibitors: Indications, Efficacy and Access

…from adding PCSK9 inhibition to statin therapy when LDL C is ≥1.8 mmol/L. In peripheral arterial disease, addition to statins further reduces major…

Bempedoic Acid: Evidence and Clinical Use

…atherosclerotic vascular disease or familial hypercholesterolaemia, addition of bempedoic acid to statin therapy reduced LDL C by approximately 16.5%; the reduction in a subgroup…

Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Statins as First-Line Treatment

…8 mmol/L). Reasonable addition of a non statin agent when LDL C is 55–69 mg/dL (≥1.4 to <1.8 mmol/L)…

Physical Activity Prescription for Cardiovascular Prevention

…undertaken to maintain or improve physical fitness. Regular physical activity is a central component of cardiovascular prevention and treatment. It is associated with lower cardiovascular…

Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Revascularisation Strategy

…a lesion proximal to the first septal perforator of the left anterior descending artery was associated with lower five year survival than a more distal…

Colchicine and Anti-inflammatory Therapy in Coronary Disease

…lower C reactive protein, and impair neutrophil chemotaxis toward inflammatory sites. Its cardiovascular effects therefore appear to reflect modulation of vascular inflammation rather than lipid…

Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS)

…needed to treat (NNT) for the ACLS specific interventions is much higher or uncertain, meaning that the efficacy of these interventions is much lower or…

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