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Joint aspiration

…Sterile gloves, sterile gauze, and a fenestrated drape for injection. A needle of 0.8–1.2 × 50 mm for large joints (knee, shoulder), 0…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction are categorized under acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Aortic dissection Pneumothorax Pulmonary embolism Mediastinitis (rare condition) In addition to these…

Introduction to exercise stress testing (treadmill test, exercise ECG)

…be obtained by other imaging methods, namely exercise capacity (and VO2 max , see below). In addition to exercise capacity, stress testing also provides information on…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…patient in the supine position. In order to obtain the best possible image quality, patient safety and ergonomics for the operator, special examination tables are…

Bempedoic Acid: Evidence and Clinical Use

…risk reduction was considered similar to that achieved with statins for a comparable absolute degree of LDL C lowering. Diabetes and glycaemic outcomes Among participants…

Adenosine: Administration Technique, Dose Escalation and Precautions

…are unlikely to revert a tachycardia and should not be used. Specific dosing adjustments are required in certain patient populations: Pediatric patients: For patients weighing…

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis and Treatment

…ventricular function is therefore an important therapeutic objective. Exercise intolerance Exercise limitation is multifactorial. In addition to elevated exercise induced filling pressures, patients may have:

Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…addiction), elderly patients with altered valves, patients with valve prostheses or other cardiac devices (pacemaker, CRT, ICD). In addition to staphylococcus aureus , hemolytic streptococci and…

Interpretation of Pacemaker ECG

…pacing. 25 mm/s. In addition to stimulation artifacts, ventricular pacing yields wide QRS complexes with LBBB morphology (i.e left bundle branch block appearance)…

Pericardial Effusion & Cardiac tamponade

…obtained for visualizing the pericardium, its surroundings, the myocardium and valves. ECG is recorded in all patients with suspected pericardial disease. In addition to echocardiography…

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