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Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…an obstetric procedure or angiographic intervention. Summon anaesthesia, the operating specialty, the blood bank and, where needed, coagulation expertise at the same time [1]. Activate…

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: quick reference

…peripheral cannulae. Consider an arterial line if the patient is unstable or frequent blood gases are needed 3 Blood grouping and cross matching. Order red…

Physical Activity Prescription for Cardiovascular Prevention

…activity level, psychological factors, goals and the intended setting. Pre participation screening should follow applicable cardiovascular exercise screening guidance. In individuals with cardiovascular disease, an…

Ventricular fibrillation, pulseless electrical activity and sudden cardiac arrest

…This immediately leads to syncope and soon death, unless resuscitation is attempted. Sudden cardiac death is defined as an unexpected death due to cardiac causes…

Sotalol: Initiation, QT Monitoring and Renal Dosing

…His Purkinje system, and ventricle. It extends the A H interval, which serves as an index of AV nodal conduction, but does not significantly alter…

Status epilepticus: quick reference for emergency treatment

…Airway, breathing and circulation Perform an ABCDE assessment and document the time of seizure onset, or the time the patient was last known to be…

🟠 Phentolamine

…crisis. Mechanism of action Phentolamine is a non selective alpha adrenergic blocker. Phentolamine reduces blood pressure while increasing catecholamine activity. Effects Primarily causes afterload reduction…

Atrial Flutter: Mechanisms, ECG Recognition and Management

…on a central area of block, which encompasses both an anatomical barrier (the inferior vena cava) and a functional component. When the direction of the…

Cardiac Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction

…beyond exercise training to incorporate individualized physical activity counselling, risk factor modification, nutritional care, education, psychosocial support, vocational guidance, medical surveillance, and appropriate pharmacological treatment…

PCSK9 Inhibitors: Indications, Efficacy and Access

…despite maximally tolerated statin therapy and ezetimibe. For patients with a recurrent atherothrombotic event while receiving maximally tolerated statin therapy, an LDL C goal below…

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