…part via NMDA receptors. With prolonged alcohol exposure the nervous system adapts through reduced GABA mediated inhibition and increased glutamatergic activity. When the alcohol level…

…where needed, coagulation expertise at the same time [1]. Activate the local major haemorrhage protocol early. Protocols improve above all the logistics, the communication and…

…peripheral cannulae. Consider an arterial line if the patient is unstable or frequent blood gases are needed 3 Blood grouping and cross matching. Order red…

Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and Clinical Rationale Physical activity comprises bodily movement that increases energy expenditure, including walking, household tasks, active commuting and recreational activities…

…ECG Ventricular fibrillation, pulseless electrical activity (PEA) and sudden cardiac arrest This chapter will focus on ventricular fibrillation and pulseless electrical activity (PEA). These are…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Pathophysiology Sotalol is a nonselective beta adrenoceptor blocker devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity that also prolongs cardiac repolarization…

…minutes is the practical threshold for treatment, known as t1. After about 30 minutes of continuous convulsive activity, t2, the risk of permanent neuronal injury…

…crisis. Mechanism of action Phentolamine is a non selective alpha adrenergic blocker. Phentolamine reduces blood pressure while increasing catecholamine activity. Effects Primarily causes afterload reduction…

…organized, continuous atrial electrical activity. This activity most commonly presents as a characteristic saw tooth pattern at rates typically exceeding 200 beats per minute. While…

…with cardiovascular disease, including those recovering from myocardial infarction. It extends beyond exercise training to incorporate individualized physical activity counselling, risk factor modification, nutritional care…