…and evidence based interventions. Many tachyarrhythmias carry a potential risk of serious morbidity or mortality, underscoring the need for a structured and guideline directed approach…

…impulse formation can cause arrhythmias by the following two mechanisms: Increased or abnormal automaticity Triggered activity Increased or abnormal automaticity As discussed in Chapter 1…

…coronary vasospasm, microvascular dysfunction, or combinations of these mechanisms. Drug selection can therefore be tailored to the suspected mechanism. No antianginal class has demonstrated consistent…

…mechanism is rupture or erosion of a vulnerable (unstable) atherosclerotic coronary plaque. Upon such damage, the plaque exposes highly thrombogenic materials which activate circulating platelets…

…activity is a central component of cardiovascular prevention and treatment. It is associated with lower cardiovascular and all cause mortality and with reduced incidence or…

…of these have atherosclerotic heart disease (coronary artery disease) as the underlying cause. Other common causes are cardiomyopathy (hypertrophic or dilated), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Pathophysiology Sotalol is a nonselective beta adrenoceptor blocker devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity that also prolongs cardiac repolarization…

…consciousness. Urgent EEG if the patient does not wake or if ongoing electrographic seizure activity is suspected Benzodiazepines are the established first line treatment. Intravenous…

…crisis. Mechanism of action Phentolamine is a non selective alpha adrenergic blocker. Phentolamine reduces blood pressure while increasing catecholamine activity. Effects Primarily causes afterload reduction…

…atrium is activated passively. The upper boundary of this circuit may be located either anterior or posterior to the superior vena cava. A critical area…