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Adenosine: Administration Technique, Dose Escalation and Precautions

…cells. Through the guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins Gi and Go, adenosine activates potassium channels (IK.Ach, K.Ado) in a manner analogous to acetylcholine. The…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…or arteries supplying the limbs. In adults over 40 years of age, atherosclerosis is the predominant cause. Other mechanisms include thrombosis, embolism, vasculitis, fibromuscular dysplasia…

Blood Pressure Targets in Older and Frail Adults

…or worsen with illness, treatment, or other interventions. Frailty commonly overlaps with multimorbidity and is frequent in patients with cardiovascular disease, including heart failure and…

Bempedoic Acid: Evidence and Clinical Use

…and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP). Bempedoic acid also activates adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase, which regulates substrates involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory…

Physical Activity Prescription for Cardiovascular Prevention

…walking, household tasks, active commuting and recreational activities. Exercise is a more structured form of physical activity undertaken to maintain or improve physical fitness. Regular…

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and Holter ECG

…particularly at night. Symptom–rhythm correlation in non specific complaints. The choice of recording is governed by the frequency of symptoms: Symptom interval Method : : Daily…

Refractory Angina: Options When Standard Therapy Fails

…In many patients, the burden is sufficiently severe to limit ordinary activities and substantially impair quality of life. The clinical impact should be assessed in…

🟠 Nitroprusside

…arterioles and veins via generation of cyclic GMP, which then activates calcium sensitive potassium channels in the cell membrane. Time to onset of action : 1…

🟠 Inotropes and Vasopressors

…Bradycardia (second line alternative) Medium dose : 3.0 10.0 μg/kg/min. + ++++ + +++++ Medium dose dopamine activates β1, releases norepinephrine and thus increases contractility…

🟠 Nitroglycerin

…and veins) via generation of cyclic GMP, which then activates calcium sensitive potassium channels in the cell membrane. Nitroglycerin is similar in action and pharmacokinetics…

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