…No signs of life <24 °C Actions in accidental hypothermia with cardiac arrest or cardiopulmonary depression Use HOPE Score to assess the prognosis. A long…

…lactate is an indicator of tissue hypoperfusion and can guide resuscitative efforts. If the patient presents with hypotension or has a lactate level exceeding 4…

…Clarke RC, Mertes PM, et al. Molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of perioperative hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2019;123:e3849. Wallmuller…

…of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation is, therefore, the result of a perfect storm scenario , where ischemia, hemodynamics, the autonomous nervous system, electrolyte concentrations, and…

…type and screen and the serological crossmatch have a limited period of validity — usually about five days — because new antibodies can form after transfusion or…

…still under investigation. A number of plausible mechanisms have been suggested. Among them are coronary artery vasospasm, dysfunctional capillary function and catecholamine toxicity. The latter…

…failure, and heart failure have been identified as important risk factors. Severe atherosclerosis of the axillary or subclavian arteries may increase the risk of embolization…

…accompanied by proteinuria or evidence of maternal organ involvement. Proteinuria is defined as urinary protein excretion 300 mg over 24 hours or a protein–creatinine…

…or diuretic induced, but it is absent in most diagnosed patients. Reliance on hypokalaemia alone therefore misses a substantial proportion of cases. The cardiorenal and…

…arrest : Trauma and injuries : Direct trauma can cause airway injuries, resulting in obstruction. Central nervous system (CNS) injuries might cause apnea or hypoventilation. Respiratory conditions…